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OPTOELECTRONICS DEVICES, SUBSYSTEMS AND SYSTEMS USING ELECTRONIC SIGNALS, ANALOG SIGNALS AND DIGITAL SIGNALS TO CONTROL AND MANIPULATE LIGHT FOR INFORMATION HANDLING AND COMMUNICATION PURPOSES, NAMELY, OPTICAL ATTENUATORS, OPTICAL BEAM SPLITTERS, OPTICAL POLARIZATION ROTATORS, OPTICAL BEAM COMBINERS, MODULATORS, OPTICAL MODULATORS, FIBER OPTIC MODULATORS, TRANSMITTERS, FIBER OPTIC TRANSMITTERS, OPTICAL WA E GUIDES, FIBER OPTIC CABLES, FILTERS, OPTICAL FILTERS, FIBER OPTIC TUNABLE FILTERS, TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION SWITCHES, OPTICAL SWITCHES, FIBER OPTIC SWITCHES, SWITCHING FABRICS, CROSSBAR SWITCHES, OPTICAL CROSSBAR SWITCHES, PLANAR LIGHTWAVE CIRCUITS, OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, MULTIPLEXERS, ADD-DROP MULTIPLEXERS, OPTICAL GAIN MODULES, OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS, FIBER OPTIC AMPLIFIERS, PARAMETRIC OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS, SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS, OPTICAL SENSORS AND MICROWAVE SENSORS