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Video, audio and image signal processing apparatus and software; electronic apparatus for use in the capture, production, post-production, conversion, recording, retrieval, distribution, play out and broadcast of television material; video communications apparatus; audio and video apparatus for domestic use, television receivers, video monitors, video displays and video display optimizers; display processing apparatus and software; televisions standards converters; apparatus for the transfer of film material to video; apparatus and software for use in film post production; apparatus and software for the generation, storage, modification and playing of test patterns and test signals; amplifiers, buffers, distributors, routers, switchers, mixers, serializers, de-serializers, analysers, monitors, standards converters, up-converters, down-converters, cross-converters, aspect-ratio-converters, editors, converters, time base correctors, synchronisers, colour encoders, colour decoders, colour correctors, translators, pre-processors, post-processors, multiplexers, de-multiplexers, apparatus for storing picture, video or audio information, audio inserters, audio extractors, recorders and noise reducers, all for use with video, picture or audio signals, whether compressed, partially compressed or uncompressed; apparatus and software for compression encoding, compression decoding, transcoding, partial encoding or partial decoding of picture, video or audio signals; apparatus and software for the generation of digital effects in film or video; apparatus and software for use in the removal of artifacts from film or video; apparatus for the restoration of film or video archives or for the management and retrieval of film or video archives; apparatus and software for reading, writing, decoding, extracting, encoding or injection of data information into files or multi-media signals; apparatus and software for sharing and contributing data in a collaborative workgroup; apparatus and software to perform file management, conversion and translation; apparatus and software to edit, conform and perform a list of edits or effects from an imported data file to resulting files or multimedia signals; apparatus and software for testing, analysing, monitoring, guiding or controlling any of the foregoing; software, integrated circuits, circuit boards, tapes, discs, spare parts or sub-assemblies for use with any of the foregoing apparatus